{"id":76,"date":"2010-10-31T18:50:31","date_gmt":"2010-10-31T17:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fialka.rtnexthq.cz\/fzo2\/?page_id=76"},"modified":"2010-12-01T17:19:28","modified_gmt":"2010-12-01T16:19:28","slug":"ros-chodes-svatek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/judaismus\/svatky\/ros-chodes-svatek\/","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u0161 chode\u0161"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ro\u0161 znamen\u00e1 hebrejsky hlava. Ros chode\u0161 \/doslova hlava m\u011bs\u00edce, Nov\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc zahajuje ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc. Ro\u0161 chode\u0161 nem\u00e1 jednoduchou historii, proto si nem\u016f\u017eeme odpustit krat\u0161\u00ed odbo\u010dku.<\/p>\n<h2>Prvn\u00ed ro\u0161 chode\u0161<\/h2>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed den m\u011bs\u00edce nisan, \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem z Egypta, p\u0159ik\u00e1zal B\u016fh Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi, aby vyhl\u00e1sil novolunn\u00ed. Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle se datuje tradice Nov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kter\u00e1 nep\u0159eru\u0161ena trv\u00e1 do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f. P\u0159esto dnes nem\u00e1 ro\u0161 chode\u0161 takov\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako v historii.<\/p>\n<h2>Historie<\/h2>\n<p>V dob\u00e1ch existence jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu vyhla\u0161oval ro\u0161 chode\u0161 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rab\u00ednsk\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr &#8211; sanhedrin. Po uplynut\u00ed 29 dn\u00ed od posledn\u00edho novolunn\u00ed, t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den m\u011bs\u00edce, \u010dekali rab\u00edni v jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu p\u0159\u00edchod sv\u011bdk\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd na obloze vid\u011bl prvn\u00ed srpek nov\u00e9 Luny, sp\u011bchal do chr\u00e1mu vydat sv\u011bdectv\u00ed. Pokud p\u0159i\u0161li alespo\u0148 dva d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00ed sv\u011bdci v\u010das, mohl soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr vyhl\u00e1sit 30. den dnem Nov\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce, v chr\u00e1mu p\u0159inesli kohanim \/kn\u011bzi\/ p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 ob\u011bti a za\u010dalo nov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mohlo se ov\u0161em st\u00e1t, \u017ee pro \u0161patn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky nespat\u0159il t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den nikdo nov\u00fd srpek m\u011bs\u00edce. Proto musel sanhedrin po\u010dkat a vyhl\u00e1sil ro\u0161 chode\u0161 a\u017e t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd prvn\u00ed den m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n<h2>Jeden nebo dva dny<\/h2>\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu generac\u00ed se ustavil v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b zvyk slavit ro\u0161 chode\u0161 ji\u017e t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den m\u011bs\u00edce s nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 doraz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00e1padem slunce. Pouze kdy\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b nikdo v\u010das do chr\u00e1mu nedorazil, slavil se i den t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd prvn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Poselstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Jak se m\u011bli \u017did\u00e9 mimo Jeruzal\u00e9m dozv\u011bd\u011bt, byl-li vyhl\u00e1\u0161en ro\u0161 chode\u0161 t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd nebo t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd prvn\u00ed den? Sanhedrin vys\u00edlal j\u00edzdn\u00ed posly po Izraeli a do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 Babyl\u00f3nie existoval syst\u00e9m oh\u0148ov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f zapalovan\u00fdch na vybran\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2>Nejistota<\/h2>\n<p>V dob\u011b druh\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu se v\u0161ak objevili nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed na kopc\u00edch \u00famysln\u011b zapalovali ohn\u011b a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. V Babyl\u00f3nii si nev\u011bd\u011bli rady. Nakonec jim nezbylo ne\u017e vyhl\u00e1sit stav nejistoty. Kdy ale slavit sv\u00e1tky? T\u00f3ra p\u00ed\u0161e jasn\u011b, \u017ee pesach m\u00e1 b\u00fdt patn\u00e1ct\u00fd den m\u011bs\u00edce nisan, kdy ale byl ro\u0161 chode\u0161? Kdy za\u010dal m\u011bs\u00edc nisan? Proto\u017ee byly jen dv\u011b mo\u017enosti, rozhodli se rab\u00edni slavit sv\u00e1tek v obou mo\u017en\u00fdch term\u00ednech. Tak vznikl zvyk zdvojit mimo Izrael biblick\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky. Situace se v\u0161ak d\u00e1le zhor\u0161ovala, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledovali p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bdky a dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f ub\u00fdvalo. Za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek ustanovil rab\u00edn Hilel II. ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed o.l. pevn\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159. Z \u00facty ke star\u00e9 jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 tradici p\u0159i\u0159kl n\u011bkter\u00fdm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016fm dvoudenn\u00ed ro\u0161 chode\u0161, jin\u00fdm jednodenn\u00ed. Biblick\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky mimo Izrael z\u016fstaly dodnes dvoudenn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Dnes<\/h2>\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed synagog\u00e1ln\u00ed liturgii je ro\u0161 chode\u0161 spojen se \u010dten\u00edm z Tory, p\u0159\u00eddavnou sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed modlitbou musaf a, zp\u011bvem vybran\u00fdch \u017ealm\u016f, kter\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me halel.<\/p>\n<h2>Symbolika<\/h2>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od Slunce m\u011bn\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u011b Luna p\u0159i sv\u00e9m ob\u011bhu kolem planety Zem\u011b svou velikost. N\u011bkdy z n\u00ed vid\u00edme jen mal\u00fd kousek ve tvaru ,D&quot; a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee Luna dor\u016fst\u00e1, jindy Luna couv\u00e1. Couv\u00e1, couv\u00e1 a\u017e se najednou ztrat\u00ed. Izraelsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod k Lun\u011b \u010dasto p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1me. Od doby Abrah\u00e1ma \u017eidovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod rostl po patn\u00e1ct generac\u00ed k \u00fapl\u0148ku v dob\u011b kr\u00e1l\u016f Davida a \u0160alomouna, aby postupn\u011b patn\u00e1ct generac\u00ed couval ke zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku v dob\u011b zni\u010den\u00ed prvn\u00edho chr\u00e1mu Babylo\u0148any. Na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 se objev\u00ed na d\u011bjinn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, aby z\u00edskaly moc, expandovaly, do\u0161el jim dech a ztratily se (viz Asy\u0159an\u00e9, Babylo\u0148an\u00e9, Per\u0161an\u00e9, anti\u010dt\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 atd.), se \u017eidovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod, tak jako Luna, nikdy skute\u010dn\u011b neztratil. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie se ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t po zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch katastrof\u00e1ch znovuobjevil a i dnes po \u00fatrap\u00e1ch posledn\u00edho stolet\u00ed s novou silou &bdquo;roste&quot; d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ro\u0161 znamen\u00e1 hebrejsky hlava. Ros chode\u0161 \/doslova hlava m\u011bs\u00edce, Nov\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc zahajuje ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc. Ro\u0161 chode\u0161 nem\u00e1 jednoduchou historii, proto si nem\u016f\u017eeme odpustit krat\u0161\u00ed odbo\u010dku. Prvn\u00ed ro\u0161 chode\u0161 Prvn\u00ed den m\u011bs\u00edce nisan, \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem z Egypta, p\u0159ik\u00e1zal B\u016fh Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi, aby vyhl\u00e1sil novolunn\u00ed. Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle se datuje tradice Nov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kter\u00e1 nep\u0159eru\u0161ena trv\u00e1 do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f. P\u0159esto dnes nem\u00e1 ro\u0161 chode\u0161 takov\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako v historii. Historie V dob\u00e1ch existence jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu vyhla\u0161oval ro\u0161 chode\u0161 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rab\u00ednsk\u00fd &hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"cist-vice\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/judaismus\/svatky\/ros-chodes-svatek\/\">&#8230;\u010d\u00edst v\u00edce<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":74,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-76","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":769,"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions\/769"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fzo.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}